Wednesday, July 31, 2019
How to Lead a Long and Healthy Life Speech Essay
Good Health starts from the very infancy. It is here that protection and care is needed, so that each organ functions well, each organ develops naturally, and there are no deformities, disabilities and diseases but often the health of children remain neglected, with the result that they grow unhealthily and that affects their education as well. A healthy child develops into a healthy adult. In case the child does not grow properly, and he remains handicapped in some way, his ill-health spoils his adult life. He cannot join any active service; he cannot be a successful professional, nor can he live his life happily. Health is real wealth. A healthy person is an asset to himself, to his family and to his community. On the other hand an ailing person is a burden on all. He is a danger for coming generations because heredity plays an important part in this respect. Health is the pivot upon which a man’s whole personality and its well-being depend. An ailing and aching body saps the enthusiasm for pursuit. Unwholesome feelings and sensations retard the pace of functional activity, economic development and spiritual uplift. Health cannot be achieved merely by taking one or two pills everyday or by observing a few restrictions. It can be achieved only by understanding what health is, on what it depends and then applying this knowledge in every-day life. The care of the body regarding food, cleanliness, exercise, rest and protection against disease, are essential for the preservation of sound health. Life is for living. Without health, life is deprived of not only much of its usefulness but also its joys and pleasures. The stream of life will be rich and lasting in proportion to the sources which nourish it. These sources belong to every person. They are food, exercise, and proper posture, care of bodily functions, avoidance of alcohol and tobacco and wholesome mental and emotional attitudes.
Tuesday, July 30, 2019
Market Attractiveness Essay
The product was recently awarded a best new product award for ‘Best toothpaste’ as well as the ‘Best in Show’. In Auckland ,Colgate main target market like, Warehouse and new world , countdown. Colgate also available in the local market of the Newzealand  Colgate in 2011 ,the company holds a staggering 44. 7% global market share with its flag ship toothpaste lineThere are three competitors of Colgate in newzealandSENSODYNESensodyne is a brand of toothpaste marketed for individuals with sensitive teeth. It is a registered trademark of glaxo smith kline which acquired it in 2001 in the purchase of block drug which developed it. Sensodyne has two main product lines: sensitivity and acid erosion. Sensodyne sensitivity products are marketed to counteract teeth sensitivity caused by exposed dentin . The price of sensodyne pure gel $4 for the 100 gm . The active ingredient is claimed to form a protective barrier in the tooth. Clinical studies have found that potassium nitrate may be effective in treatment of dentine hypersensitivity. Sensodyne acid erosion products, Sensodyne ProNamel, are marketed to protect enamel from acid erision . One of ProNamel’s active ingredients, fluoride, is widely endorsed to make teeth more resistant to acid attacks and to repair previous acid decay. Both products come in a variety of flavors and with the option of whitening. Pepsodent Pepsodent is a brand of toothpaste with a minty flavor derived from sassafras. The brand is owned by unilever,but in2013the rights to the brand in united states and Canada were bought by church and Dwight. ow pepsodent produce product like pepsodent herbal . The price of pepsodent herbal 150g of $4. 50 . Pepsodent now have the market share 17 % in RS 2200 crore oral care market SmokerSmoker toothpaste well also cleanse and revive your mouth with its extra strong peppermint flavor. Is also ideal for non smokers who want a doubly fresh breath. For whenever you want your breath to be its most intimate best. brush with smokers toothpaste. Smokers produces new product breath freshener which is available at NZ $2. 90 in 100g. B)Market attractiveness competition market†¢Ã‚ Newzealand is the best country for interducing new toothpaste product in the market because there multi natio nal people who demand the different type and taste of the toothpaste    everybody becomes aware about the toothpaste companies of their cheap ways of earning profit by showing big blocks but decreasing the amount of toothpaste and creates competitions. Colgate product can do a good business by introducing a new taste and flavor of toothpaste product like a herbal and gel toothpast e and this can bring a healthy profit as well by covering more and more sale volume. As aresult according to age group of people colgate introduce their different variety of product in market like a herbal product attract to soccer people and gel product attract the rughby and the youngpeople because this product gives the freshnes to these players The different marketing companies makes it easy for the new companies to launch their product in the super market as well as in the city smallest shops as because of their well established links and distribution channelsAuckland is the smallest geography yet most populated being home to around 1. 0 millions peoples this makes Auckland a very attractive market for the investors and companies to launch their new product. In newzealand there are four big supermarkets which provide the different taste of product all these big and small supermarkets attract the customer for purchasing the toothpaste because all these markets are so busy and customer easily approach to these supermarkets . ith the passage of time and growth of product in the market the product start gain the popularity and also increase the market share value in the market which is improved over all market position of the product in market Q #2: Assess and analyze competition market segments for impact on market strategy. ? Our company is a market orientated one and caters to most age groups from children to adults but concentrates on younger customers by making their products alluring and affordable to children. According to the latest report Auckland have the population of 1. 5 millions and peoples from the age group 20 to 85 they love to eat chocolate twice a week. This all report is for both male and female although female’s ratios are bit higher than male peoples. Children from the age of 10 to 20 they love to eat chocolate almost daily. In the four main super market of Auckland it has been analyzed in all markets that all the competitor likes to advertise and place their product in tier bin near the check out and entrance of the stores and also they have weekly promotions plane which give them little discount if they buy like Whitaker display their special promotions in countdown after every week mean to say they brings promotion and special displays in countdown two week in a month this is how they attract peoples and especially children which comes with their families in store to buy the product by different nice and attractive tier bin display although all our competitors have their normal and permanent positions in the shelves in chocolate corner in the countdown super market. QUWSTION 7  LEGAL In a newzealand ,if a company never have any legal rights to sale any product then they can not sale anything. they should have the legal licence for the sale . In newzealand if any company want to sale their toothpaste product i n local market then they have authority to sale their colgate product in market. In newzealand is there is also rule of fair trade act the colgate company follow all rule and regulation keep in the mind fair trading act. 2 SOCIALaccording to customer need and their life style colgate introduce their product in the market . ith the passage of time customer want the different flavour according to society of people colgate make their toothpaste product in newzealand market like a herbal and gel product toothpaste   In this we must be able to offer products and services that aim to complement and benefit people lifestyle and behavior. If organizations do not respond to changes in society they will lose market share and demand for their product or service. Population changes also have a direct impact on organizations. Changes in the structure of a population will affect the supply and demand of goods and services within an economy3 TECHNOLOGYDue to technology, there are lot of c hanging in toothpaste quality, quantity packaging . Technology infrastructure such as the internet and other information exchange systems including telephone. Technology systems incorporating a multitude of software which help them manage their toothpaste business in different areas of new Zealand. Fast information can benefit businesses as they are able to react quickly to changes within their operating environment. These are technology factor which effect on marketing strategy of the Colgate toothpaste4 CULTURAL –There are many cultural effects on market strategy. Different country has different culture so their demand of product is depend on their culture like kiwi people choice of Colgate herbal flavour is the 30 %and gel toothpaste 20% . Culture always increase the demand of product in the market5 ECONOMICS – The economic power of country effect to the market strategy of company if country has poor economic power and there are living low income people so company cannot increase the price of product if company increase the product price then low income people cannot buy the product so our company Colgate choose the best price $ 8 of one Colgate which purchase the low and high income people very easily6 REGULATORY –Regulatory means rule and regulation of market if any business does not use the regulatory then it cannot success. The fair trading act is spending the main role in marketing strategy . The Colgate company always does the work according to this act and it gives the proper information abbot product and service if this company gives the wrong information to their customers the customer can take the step against Colgate company it is also rule of fair trading act7 COMPETITIVE –Today’s business environment poses many challenges to high-technology enterprises in every segment of the industry . The competitor always impact on the market strategy of company . Company has to promote their product compare to their competitor like Colgate product is cheap then sensodyne or smoker . Moreover Colgate give the special offer like it gives the free toothbrush with one Colgate pack  8 DEMOGRAPHIC –There are many demographic effect on marketing strategy of company. Demographic means select the target audience according their different sex ,age etcetera. Different age has different demand of product in the market as children like sweet Colgate or youngster or old people has more demand of mint flavor of Colgate so Colgate company has to make the product keep in the mind different choice of customers9 POLITICAL –Colgate is the multinational brand and it is main distribution centre in wellington which produce the Colgate toothpaste product in whole new Zealand Political Government change policies could affect import of goods. Like custom charges on the International made goods. If government make charges increase in the custom rates, it will affect on those company who sell the international products in New Zealand10 NATURAL –The climate or environment effect on the market strategy of company . It also effect on the demand of product . in newzealand people give the more priority herbal toothpaste because it is suitable for the people according their involvement . Colgate lways produce their product according their climate of the country11 ETHNICS –Ethnics means people of different culture , region, casts and nationality who are living in same society . There are heaps of impact on market strategy of company . Different people have different choice according their culture, religion and nationality for example Indian people has different taste compare to kiwi people so they always different flavor of the colgate for example kiwi people like the herbal toothpaste and indian people like orange flavor of toothpaste   Q 3 Three marketing activities of main competitorAns PromotionalNowadays, every company make promotional policy for increasing sales of product in market. The competitors of Colgate also give priority to advertise, for increase market share and market growth of product in market. In 2011,Smokers and pepsodent make unique promotional policy ,spend 1/3 part of income on promotional. As a result. The sales of both company increase 5-7% in end of particular year. Moreover, the value market share of company increase, it is helpful to create new customer, company maintain their position in market. Both competitors of expand their business in different areas like develop business in rural areas and backward areas. As a result, the company helpful to market growth in different areas. Cost ControlThe competitors of Colgate also controlled cost of product. As a result, the company helpful for earning profit which leads to increase market share and market growth in market. In2011,somkers make specialist team for reducing cost of product. The company purchase manufacturing material from different company make long term planning with manufacturing company. After that, manufacturing company give 10% discount on manufacturing material. DisplayIn market ,pepsodent and smokers adopt display method for attracting more customer and create image in customer mind. Both of company show all information in front of office, where customer easily understand product quality and quantity. in display ,the company also give different packing to their product means in packing show more quantity and also mention about product ingredient. Example in 50m of pepsodent which show all ingredient of product and company give unique packing . As a result, the product of company successful in market increase sale up to 15% in 2011. it is helpful for company to expand their business in different areas. Question 4Complete sales forecast and evaluate both A- Qualitatively B- Quantitatively QualitativelyColgate is the main aim to provide the high quality toothpaste to their customers in New Zealand. In simple world it is the quality of a product or service refers to the perception of the degree to which the product or service meets the customer’s expectations. In 2001, a record 39 present of total sales came from new products introduced in the past five years. The sale forecast of Colgate in newzealand$28 million from 2012 to 2013 and company want to earn 14% to 16 % profitQuantitatively:Colgate quantitavily means the quantity of product in particular product. It show the how many quantity we give the respected customer, It is all about the quantity not about the quality. It matters a lot to increase the product sales of the Colgate toothpaste in the marketBy the early 1990’s there were many different companies that focused on oral care products, with the leader being Colgate-Palmolive. By 1991, Colgate Palmolive held the number one position in the world for the sale of oral care products, accounting for 19% of the total toothbrush market. The company’s sales and profits were increasing each year, and by 1991 sales totalled â€Å"1. 03 billion dollars, while profits totalled 9. 8 million dollars,. At this point in time Colgate had introduced two different types of toothbrushes to the market, the Colgate Classic and the Colgate Plus. For producing toothpaste product Colgate use the latest technology and the ingredients to increase the quality of the product like Herbal and the Gel toothpaste is the best example of the high quality of product in the market in 2010 -11, in this way the sale of the company increase up to 10% in 2010 -11. The sale of colgate in 2008-09 was 14 million and company earn the $5 million profit in this year . here was the rapidly change the sale of the colgate in 2009-10,it was the $18million company earn almost 8 million profit in this year               Question 5Assess selected marketing strategies for their impact upon profit. Expand market :Colgate makes the different market strategy for increasing their profit in market. Expand market means expand the business in the all rural and urban areas in New Zealand . Colgate expand their business in south and the north region which means the company earn the extra profit from their market strategies about their business. Moving into new market areas can transform a business and, handled correctly, can significantly increase your profitability. However, bear in mind that developing new products and services and selling in new markets can be risky – and mistakes can prove very expensive. in 2008-09 the colgate the worth value in newzealand $14million after that colgate expand their business 2009-10 its worth value increase $18million and this period of time colgate company earn 7. 5%profit . in 2010-11 the company worth value again raise $20 million . Increase share: When the business of the Colgate expand in all area of nNew Zealand it create the new customer and the market share of the company in market . Increase in share means to earn more profit. It all about demand and supply. In 2010 the market share value of the Colgate company $10 million after that when the Colgate increase their business as a result the share value of the Colgate increase $13 million in 2011Increase margins: Increase margin means increase the profit of the product in market and Colgate in 2010-11 the company earn the more profit 3%as a compare to 2009-10. When the margin of the company increases it also effect the market share of the . So, increase in margins will directly affect the market share but you will earn money. For example the Colgate increased the price of gel product toothpaste 200g from $2 to $3 as a result increasing the price of the Colgate the market share value of the company decline to 7 % from 12% but still company is earning profit. Reduce cost:Reduce cost is also part of the market strategy of company for increasing the profit in the market. When the company reduces the price of product in the market it is the also positive change for the company for earning the profit and increase the market share value. As a result the company save the manufacturing cost and the product cost saving. Example Colgate also decreased the price of herbal product from 200g from $3. 50 to $2 only as result the company increase the market share value and increase the sale of product in market in 2011 only herbal product give the 10% profit of the company by the reducing the price of the product                                                       Task 2 ObjectivesTarget Market- The objective for the target market is 12 to 18 year olds for the next 2 years Demand- 1. million People using 12 per year =18 million tubes of toothpaste per yearTherefore our objective is to sell 1,200,000 sweet and 1,600,000 mint flavours over next 24 months           ProductThe objective is to launch new product in next two years           Pricing-objective is to sell new products at between $3. 50-4. 00 over next yearThe main objective of the Colgate is fix the price of their toothpaste product . For this purpose Colgate sell the herbal product 200g for $3. 50and gel toothpaste in 200g for $4  Distribution-objective is to use their existing strong distribution over next year           Promotionobjective is to do sales promotions to launch and get awareness and trials by customers of the new product over next 12 months Strategies:A) According to Colgate strategy we    introduce at least two new products in the market with two different flavors like gel flavor and sweet flavor within one year. B) In second strategy of the colgate, they sponser the sports events in New Zealand like cricket matches, Rugby matches etc motreover ,we give the advertisement of colgate product on radio, television,magazineor internet etc in next 2 years. C)In the weekend we advertise about the new product flavor on the night club we distribute the pamphlets to people and give the information about the product quality to people in next two year . D)In fourth strategy the company provide the discount on their gel and the herbal product and set the minimum price of the gel product 200g in $4 and herbal product $3. 50 for 200g in 2 years. : Our best strategy is advertisement of the new product flavour on the sports event in New Zealand because we easily provide the product information about quality to people. Question no-2 Evaluate the strategic options from 2. 1 above. Are they compatible with marketing objectives? A) Ability to maximize key opportunities and marketing strengths  according to Colgate strategies ,we introduce the atleast new flavour of the coilgate in the market for attracting the target market in A strategy. For promoting this product we give the advertisement on the sports event as well as distribute the pamphlets on the weekend and B and C strategies. Moreover, company provide the discount on their product on the different occasion. The market objective of the colgate to sell the sweet flavor 1,200,000 and gel flavour 1,600,000 and earn the 10 % profit in next 2 years. B) Critical success factors in the intended market the critical success factor of the colgate , the product of colgate easily available in the market where our target customer between the age group 8-18 buy the sweet flavor and 18-50 gel flavor . Moreover we promote the our product in the weekend because our target customer between 18-30 enjoying the at the club and the night party          C) Marketing capabilities and resourcesThe market share of the Colgate 40% in the newzealand toothpaste industry as result Colgate company is the market capability to introduce the at least 2 flavour in the market with the new technology A strategy. In B and C strategy colgate company use their resources and advertisement of the product on the sports event and give the pamphlets to the people. In this way company earn the 10% profit in next 2 years D)Market characteristics Market characteristics of the colgate company, the market share of the colgate 40% in toothpaste of New Zealand but the competitor of the colgate toothpaste like smoker, pepsodent market share 10 and 15 % respectively. In a strategy of colgate they introduce the at least a 2 flavor of colgate product within 12 months but the competitor of the colgate launch only the one product within 2 year in the market,in B and C strategies colgate advertise their product on the sports event and distribute the pamphlets on the night club for attracting the target customer they provide the discount on the product in D in next 2 years. E)Competitive Factors In newzealand the competitor of the collate smoker and the pepsodent only the 10 and 15% market share respectively but the colgate market share 40%. n A strategy colgate introduce the two product within 12 months but the competitor launch the one product wit hin 2 years as result the competitor factor give the positive response to increase the market share in the market in B and C strategy colgate company advertise their product in the sports event and distribute the pamphlets in the night club but the competitor of the Colgate don’t follow these strategies as result Colgate company easily achieve their marketing objective      Question-3Evaluate distinctive competencies and competitive advantages of strategic options. Are they compatible with marketing objectives? Colgate is the market share 40 % toothpaste because Colgate provide their service between 8-18 and 18-50 age group. In market Colgate image is better than their competitor because they introduce the 2 flavour within 12 months according to target customers . Moreover Colgate use the different ingredients for making their product which give the strength and freshness to teeth’s The distribution of the Colgate is the well manage in newzealand because Colgate distribution network distribute the Colgate product which is unique idea for catering the target customer in New zealand. Colgate through the advertisement colgate advertise their product in the market and well manage distribution network to make the easily available product in the market these are the market strategies are main competencies of Colgate which provide their service to target customer in the market of New Zealand                                             Task-3 Question no-1 Rank the strategic options from the information gained in task 2 The strategy that we will be ranking first is B to sponsor sports events in newzealand . to advertise the colgate product in sports event we give the information about the new flavour of product to people . The strategy of the colgate that we will be ranking second is A to introduce two new products flavour of colgate in the market within 12 months because colgate want to increase the market share from 40% to 50% in next 2 year as result we want increase the profit 10 % and increase the target customer between the 8-10 % . The strategy of the colgate is that we will be ranking third is C to advertise the product on the night club because target customer of the colgate between the 18-30 age group people enjoing at the weekend but the colgate easily dstribute the pamphlets and give the proper information to people. The strategy of colgate is that we will be ranking fourth is the D provide the discount on the new product flavour within 2 years because the competitor of the colgate set the high price of the sweet and thegel flavour in the market but colgate set the price between$ 3. 50 to $4 sweet and gel flavour respectively. Q2-Balance the risks and returns associated with strategies are against the feasibility of achieving the marketing objective. The Main risk of colgate to spend huge money on advertisement because sometimes advertise donot successful for creating new customer and not increase the sale of product in market. moreover it can be negative impact on the colgate strategies because advertisement don’t provide the proper information about the product quality to the people sometimes people don’t like the advertisement thus every advertisement give the same message about the product to people so people don’t give the priority to advertisement of the product as result company don’t successful to provide the information about the product to people. The another risk for Colgate company of distribution network in newzealand.
Aanna Lukasik
aAnna Lukasik Acc 422-8909 Q 8-31 1. Not required during this stage – 2. Substantive testing 2. Should focus on enhancing the auditor’s understanding of the auditors understanding of the client’s business and the transactions and events that have occurred since the last audit date. – 1 Planning 3. Should focus on identifying areas that may represent specific risks relevant to the audit. – 1. Planning 4. Do not result in detection of misstatements. – 4 Statement is not correct concerning anatical procedures 5.Designed to obtain evidential matter about particular assertions related to account balances or classed of transactions. – 2 Substantive testing 6. Generally use data aggregated at a lower level than the other stages. – 2 Substantive testing 7. Should include reading the financial statements and notes to consider the adequacy of evidence gathered – 3. Overall review 8. Involve reconciliation of confirmation replies wi th recorded book amounts – 4 Statement is not correct concerning analytical procedures 9. Use of preliminary or unadjusted working trial balance as a source of data – 1 Planning the audit 10.Expected to result in reduced level of detection risk – 2 Substantive testing Q-30 a) The minutes of each meeting refer to the minutes of previous meeting. In addition the auditor should obtain the next year’s minutes, probably for February 2010, to make sure the previous minutes referred to were those from September 16, 2009. b) Information relevant to 2009 Audit Audit Action Required February 15 1. Approval for increased distribution During analytical procedures, an Costs of $500 000. ncrease of $500000 should be expected for distribution costs 2. Unresolved tax dispute. Evaluate resolution of dispute and adequacy of disclosure in FS 3. Computer equipment donated. Determine that old equipment was correctly treated in 2008 in the statements and that appropriate dedu ction was taken 4. Annual cash dividend. Calculate total dividends to determine that dividend was correctly recorded. 5. Officers’ bonuses. Determine were paid in 2009. Consider the tax implications of unpaid bonuses to officers.September 16 1. 2009 Officers’ elected. Inform staff of possibility of related party transaction. 2. Officers’ salary information. Note information in audit files for 2010 audit. 3. Pension and profit sharing plan. Determine if the pension/profit sharing plan was approved. If so make sure all assets and liabilities have been correctly recorded. 4. Loan. Examine supporting documentation of loan and confirm loan information with bank. 5. Aquistation of new computers syst Determine of disposal of the 1 year old equipment and check the recording of the operations. 6. Auditor Selection
Monday, July 29, 2019
Writing Reflection Letter to future english professor Essay
Writing Reflection Letter to future english professor - Essay Example In the first essay (Tab 4 in black folder), Radiant Green Nuts: Adopting Healthier Eating Habits, the structure of essay was not written properly. The introduction did not have a thesis that made a claim about the ADS’ effectiveness for the specific audience and did not address how this AD targeted the specific audience for the magazine it appeared in. Not only the structure of essay was a mess but it had so many spelling errors and it showed my lack of attention when writing the essay. In the revised paper, I moved the first paragraph to 2nd paragraph and created a new introduction (Tab 2). Unlike the first draft, the new introduction explains the effectiveness to a specific audience and how the well-designed ad with detailed visual information impacted the specific target then connected to the original introduction. Instead of speeding through my essay writing, I paid more close attention on my revised paper by correcting the spelling, improving the structure, and connecting the thesis to topic sentences. Rather than rushing to finish my paper, I now take my time to read through it and look for necessary changes to make in order to improve it before finalization. In the second compare/contrast essay in Tab 4, I spent more time on making changes and putting my thoughts into the paper but again struggled with specifying topic sentences. Although the concept of my view of friendship as a quilt work in, The Quilt Work of Friendship: The Likes and Contrary, was original and attention-catching, my topic sentences again were broad. In the first draft, the topic sentences in second and third paragraphs were broad and I used the knowledge gained from my English 101 class to focus and enhance the topic sentences to be specific and to ensure that they were flowing well. Keeping the topic sentences specific and connected to thesis were the hardest tasks for me. In the final paper (Tab 3), I made my topic sentence more specific from, â€Å"As well as our
Sunday, July 28, 2019
Flash fiction exercise based on the prompts in the 'Rosemetal Press Assignment
Flash fiction exercise based on the prompts in the 'Rosemetal Press Field Guide...' - Assignment Example After twenty year, am sited at the old couch facing the ocean outside the cabin, it reminds me of the days we would spend the afternoons with my uncle after school, the holidays were even better as we would go fishing, hunting and gathering in the woods or just relax enjoying the cool breeze from the ocean. This is the place where I found real fun unlike in town, even when my dad came back, I continued living with my uncle until when I was to attend college, playing beach football with my friends from around is all I can remember, social life at the cabin was far much better than in town, I wish I could rewind the days, the cabin is empty as my uncle lost the battle to cancer. The brown faded couch reminds me of my active childhood that any young person would wish to have, it’s so sad I have to be away from the cabin to pursue my course at a college that is away from
Saturday, July 27, 2019
Piety and Impiety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Piety and Impiety - Essay Example Eve was created from Adams ribs. She was persuasive because finally she made Adam took the forbidden fruit. Secondly, another women depicted in the bible was Ruth. Ruth was Orpah’s sister, and she was her sister in law. Both were the daughters of king Eglon of Moab. Ruth was a member of a royal family. The Hebrews scripture shows Ruth as a loyal woman towards Naomi in her charitable work. She was a modesty woman. Ruth followed each instruction she got from Naomi. When she joined the people of Israel, she was working in the field of Boaz. â€Å"When he saw that she was pleasing and her actions were pleasing, he began to ask about her†1(Ruth Rabbah 4:9), Boaz took note of her deeds as clearly shown in the bible. Ruth is generally someone who is has an exemplary figure in all traditions aspects. Someone who accepted the Jews religion in her own will due to her belief but not merely out of loyalty to her mother in law. Ruth’s character is based on commitment that sh e makes to Naomi. Ruth also acted like a man in some point to hide her identity â€Å"she girded her loins as a man†(Ruth Rabbah 7:2). According to the bible, Job’s wife cursed and left him when job was in need but that was not the end of the story. Could it be possible that love conquered all? Jobs wife always gets little grace and mercy when she advises Job to curse God. She was struggling in her faith having just lost ten children and all their property. â€Å"The odyssey†by homer is an epic poem is talking about Odysseus’ going back to his wife and son in Ithica after Trojan War. Women play a big role in this epic poem. Odysseus son, Telemachus tries to gain power in the presence of suitors but he did not succeed. He then goes his own way under the guidance of Athena. Throughout the epic poem women are depicted as people who are mothers, servants, seductresses, some have combined character. The cultural role of women stands out in the role of female characters of Athena and Penelope together rejecting the bad characters of Calypso and Circe, as in the odyssey in the Homer. As shown in bible some women like Ruth, Eve and Jobs wife were also having the same characters. These women seemed to have control over their men. Mothers were portrayed in this poem are seen as people who had pity and sorrow because they were not true supporters of their sons and husbands during the time of war. Actually, these women needed support from males whether they were their husbands and sons. Telemachus removed Penelope from the room, so that he can show his suitors of his intention to ask for his father’s throne. In addition, Anticlea, Odysseus’ mother committed suicide because she missed Odysseus and thought was death clearly shows how these women needed support from male. Mothers always needed to protect their sons and husbands, look after them, and nurture them. Like Hebrew Scriptures, the entire structure of Greek always boasts i ts men to have more superior roles than women. They believed that good women were to be faithfully do work for their husbands and support them totally. Women were not to astray from these essential behaviors. For example Athena is a very strong character in the book, as tried to help Odysseus to go back home to Ithaca. However, Telemechus was to become more of a man. Therefore, Athena goes to visit Telemachus, disguised as a male mentor. This shows how men advice was more accepted that of women counsel.
Friday, July 26, 2019
External Analysis of Shin Shin Training Center Assignment - 1
External Analysis of Shin Shin Training Center - Assignment Example This professional’s help the training institute in ensuring the required skills are laid out for the trainees. It also ensures that the proper staff is hired who are professionals in the services that they provide. There can be new markets that have better yields and may attract new firms. This creates a new platform for new entrants that decrease the profitability for all companies in the industry. There are factors that may affect new entrance that include barriers to entry like rights and patents. The Shin Shin firm has experienced new entries in the market that have their services for data analysis. The company should ensure that they identify the new ways other companies are using and introduce them in their company that will attract new customers. However, since the feedback of services at the center it has remained intact because its proper placed. Products that are outside the common product may increase the customer’s propensity in having alternatives. This creates potential factors of buyer switching costs, price performance, and buyer substitution. Other effects may be a depreciation of products and creating substandard products. Shin Shin company has a variety of courses, and the students can choose from, that are of quality. Their courses are not expensive which attract new customers due to price performance. This refers to the market of outputs where customers put the firm under pressure in terms of price changes. Companies can have the power to reduce buyer power using loyalty program. This means that when a buyer has many alternatives then their buyer power increases (Porter, 2008). The students who apply to the center for training usually compare prices with other firms. However, the Shin Shin Company has seen its loyalty programs remain intact since the value it gives students is high. Suppliers bargaining power is described as the market inputs where they can be a source of power in the firm when
Thursday, July 25, 2019
Strategic Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Strategic Information Systems - Essay Example Therefore, the most important element among those perquisites is a secure, well designed and well managed website. It is through a user friendly website that a firm can attract more traffic to the website. This report presents an investigation into the extent to which e-commerce is currently being used in the computer hardware and the banking industry. The Computer Hardware industry is as much a commodity market as it is a technology market. It is somewhat misleading to assume that research and development alone decides the success of a PC manufacturing company. R&D is most definitely required for future improvements but perhaps is not the sole determinant of a company's success. In the PC industry, apart from excellent R&D and customer care, it is marketing of the product that would matter. Dell has been one of the prime examples of success in e-commerce. The business objective of Dell is to eliminate the retailers and sell directly to the consumers. By eliminating the middle layers, Dell has brought about epochal changes in the PC industry. Communicating directly with the consumer helps the business become more agile, and also helps cut cost of sales. In this endeavor, the only tool in the hands of Dell is the Internet. Dell has unique business strategies and models to support the growth process of the organization. From $1000 to $30 billion, the growth rate of Dell has been phenomenal. Dell mainly concentrates on activities that would add more value to the organization and also result in good-looking market returns. Over the years there have been many companies in the PC/server industry following the footsteps of Dell. However most of them failed in their endeavor (Woodgrange Technologies Ltd., 2005). Simply replicating the business model never serves the purpose of making something successful. Dell has a competitive advantage in its cost advantage and greater efficiency. As such it emerged as the cost leader in the market. Dell was the first one to offer world-class PCs at dream prices to the consumers. However selling directly to the consumers were more of a revolution than a religion. As such Dell has continued to surprise their customer base with unique and intelligent offers. Recently Dell has signed up Best Buy as a retail partner (Dell, 2007c). This is a major historical shift for Dell who had been preaching the values of direct selling for more than two decades. With the
Wednesday, July 24, 2019
Strategic Position of the UK Tourism Industry Essay
Strategic Position of the UK Tourism Industry - Essay Example The present research has identified that the UK tourism industry is facing tough competition from other tourist destinations in Europe, such as France, Italy, Spain, and Germany. Due to decline in the valuable US market, the industry is facing the slowdown. The increasing number of Chinese tourists over past few years and the high average spending capacity of these visitors present China as a potential emerging market for UK tourism. While competitive tourist destinations are already capturing Chinese visitors, UK tourism industry needs to take some urgent steps including promotion of UK as a favorite tourist destination along with government taking suitable measures related to visa and tax policies. The information regarding the strategic position of UK tourism industry and strategic option suitable for it are collected from secondary sources on the internet including newspaper articles, articles from websites, such as Visit Britain, tourism society, etc. Other authentic sources of secondary information have also been searched to take the strategic audit. In order to do the strategic audit, suitable marketing models are used. The report has focused on the tourism industry as a whole and complies with the guidelines of the national tourism agency of Britain i.e. Visit Britain. A threat of new entrants: The threat of new entrants into the tourism industry of UK is quite high. Earlier, there were only a handful of low-cost carriers in the airline sector of the tourism industry. However, today there are a significant number of low-cost carriers that are presenting competition to well-established low-cost carrier services of Ryan Air and Easy Jet. Considering the emergence of new destinations for tourists on the global tourism map, the threat of new entrants is high. Governments of several countries and specifically the third world countries, such as Sri Lanka, India, etc. are seeing tourism as the major source to give the boost to their economy. Â
Statement of purpose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Statement of purpose - Essay Example I chose to major in English Language because I had a clear vision of the advantages of learning English. I became aware of the difficulties in learning the language, surmounted these difficulties with the guidance of my teachers, and decided to use my experience to help my people to learn and use the language for their material, cultural and spiritual progress. Some of my teachers were native speakers of English. There were advantages in learning their language from them, but I think some of my people may find it easier to be taught by one of their own. It was, therefore, natural, that I should apply for the post of an English Language teacher in my country. By the grace of God, the authorities recognized my qualifications, my skills, and my ambition and appointed me to the post. Again, by the grace of God, they acknowledged my merits by promoting me very soon to the position of Head of the General Studies Department. Even as I was trying to master the art of teaching a foreign language to my countrymen, in my early days of teaching, I knew that I needed to learn more about the language and about the latest methods of teaching. When I became Head of the General Studies Department, I realized that I should wait no longer. I discussed this with the Director of the Institute, and he warmly supported my views and wishes.
Tuesday, July 23, 2019
Making Connections Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Making Connections - Coursework Example Therefore, all these systems have to work harmoniously to improve survival of the human being since if one fails, one is likely to lose his or her life. For instance, in case the heart failed, the other two systems will be affected tremendously. The human body will sense the inadequacy in blood supply to other parts of the body and try to compensate. This, in the long run, will lead to an increased rate of breathing and clogging of blood in the vessels and other body organs. This is so because the human body entirely depends on oxygen for respiration. Hence the lack of oxygen which has been cut off due to inadequate blood supply, affects the normal metabolism rate. As a result, there is increased rate of breathing which is a corrective measure trying to restore oxygen availability in the human body. Furthermore, in case there are severe cases, that can be the status of the blood in other parts of the body leading to the formation of thrombus that dislodge and affect the healthy blood supply or respiration
Monday, July 22, 2019
Intellectual property Essay Example for Free
Intellectual property Essay What is intellectual property? â€Å"To give an identification means to understand†,- said an ancient philosopher. So, usually we understand intellectual property as totality of rights for results of intellectual activity (works, phonograms, inventions, etc) and means of individualization (trade marks, company name, etc). Objects of intellectual property often divide into several groups: 1) objects of copyrights (science, literature, art works, including databases and computer programs); 2) objects adjoining rights (phonograms, TV and radio programs, etc); 3) objects of patent rights (inventions, useful models, industrial examples, etc); 4) means of individualization (trade marks and service marks, company names, names of commodity origin, etc); 5) non-traditional objects (selective innovations, topologies of integral micro schemes, rationalization proposals). Intellectual property can be called a kind of asset, so in this quality you can buy it, sell, license, exchange it or to give without compensation, as any other kind of property. Besides, the owner of intellectual property has right to forbid illegal usage or sale of that definite property. Still, intellectual property is â€Å"invisible†, so in order to become registered, it should be expressed in some discernible way. Trade marks for brand identity for goods and services first of all are used to indicate the source of goods or services and to distinguish goods and services from the other. Trade marks also symbolize quality of goods or services, they are used together with. Majority of them are expressed in words, but they can be anything, what distinguish one product from the other, they can be expressed as symbols, logotypes, sounds, designs or even distinguishable non-functional configurations of products. The term of registration has definite period, but because of fundamental aims of trade marks (to avoid public confusion, to stimulate competition and protect interests of owners) – registration can be renewed and in such a way to be prolong infinitely, while those trade marks are used. What are the rights? The owner of trade mark can prohibit to others to use a similar trade mark in case such usage, probably, will arouse confusion in minds of consumers. Let’s remember trademark of Panasonic, Sony, or Nike and Reebok. All these are trademarks. So, a consumer, buying production of those companies, buys also quality of production, brand name and fashion. There are other companies (mostly Chinese/Vietnamese), which produce fake, but use principle of similar pronunciation of well-known brand names. For example, they produce tape-recorders with brand name Panassonic, Sonny, or shoes with logotype Reaboc or Nikee. Those companies cause great losses to real companies Panasonic, Sony, Nike etc. â€Å"A recognized brand name or trade mark represents the goodwill that has been built into the product or service. Consumers tend to associate the recognized brand name or trade mark with certain characteristics that are specific to that name or mark. Therefore, companies often spend millions of dollars annually for safeguarding the investment in the related intellectual property rights. †(Intellectual Property Website). The problem is that different countries have their own legislation regarding intellectual property, what created difficulties for identification of intellectual property in common. Still, such registration of intellectual property should exist, because it is a presumable evidence of validity of trade mark and rights of its owners to use that trade mark. It is also fixed in national register of trade marks, notifying the whole world that owner uses such trade mark and has right of property. That trade mark should be distinguishable; it means trade mark must have possibility to distinguish goods or services of that definite trade mark from other services or goods. It can include any original combination of letters, figures or other symbols, colors or musical sounds. There are a lot of kinds of trade marks (trade marks, which was created specially – KODAK for photo-materials, XEROX for photocopy equipment, PEPSI for non-alcoholic drinks; voluntary trademarks – APPLE for computers or DOVE for soap, to mention a few) Trade marks for brand identity for goods and services can be very valuable asset. For example, it is well-known that German car manufacturer BMW bought British car company ROVER first of all to get its set of desirable trademarks, including LAND ROVER, RANGE ROVER, TRIUMPH, AUSTIN, MGB, etc. From the other side, trademark can be almost useless, in case it is associated with bad quality. I think that we shouldn’t copy intellectual property, as far as the idea is also a kind of property and brings profit to its owner. In case a person copies intellectual property, he acts as unfair competitor and causes losses to the owner of intellectual property. Works Cited: 1. Intellectual Property Website, Why care about intellectual property rights? October 30, 2004 [online] http://www. brint. com/IntellP. htm.
Sunday, July 21, 2019
Effect of EU Employment Policy on Management
Effect of EU Employment Policy on Management EU Legal Regulations in the Areas of Employment and Social Policy and How These Have Impacted Managers/Organisations Introduction/Background The influence of the European Union has been pervasive, and this is particularly true of developments in the areas of employment law and associated social policies. These policies have been aimed at augmenting the employment rights of workers within organisations, as well as improving their working conditions. Intersection points between social policy and employment regulations are a nuanced and complex subject area and this topic is an ideal focal point for the researcher interested in how European policies have impacted the roles and responsibilities of managers in the United Kingdom. The areas of employment policy regulations and social policy regulations are often symbiotic in nature. Therefore if one decides to embark upon a research initiative investigating the situation of workers within organisations within the European Union, it is difficult to conduct credible research without considering the areas of employment and social policy simultaneously. The writer proposes to examine how managers and other actors in similar roles have responded to this arguably more onerous and paternalistic conception of their duties[1]. A particular focus will be taken in the research and this will be health and safety legislation. This is a concept which has been influenced by both legal regulatory efforts within the European Union. Health and safety legislation also reflects the wider social policy goals of the European Union. Indeed as Randall ((2000) p34) has noted: ‘Promoting safety at work and protecting and improving the health of workers appear among the fundamental objectives for which the EC†¦.[2]’. Therefore, the theoretical research objectives of this project are twofold. Firstly, the role of the European Union in terms of social policy and employment regulation will be looked at, and at a more micro level the area of health and safety at work will be looked at in terms of the role played my managers at operationalisi ng European policies in the area of health and safety within organisations. The Research Question Therefore to recap the main thrust of the proposal for research; the writer feels that a good focal point for this project will be where social policy and employment regulation intersect. Therefore, the question of health and safety at work in the European Union will be the specific focus of the project, but this research focus will be contextualised with a wider examination of the role of the European Union in terms of social and employment policy. The literature review will focus on these two levels of analysis, and this will be used as a platform to introduce an original primary research orientated study on the impact of EU health and safety regulatory initiatives on managers within organisations. The research question will build upon this analysis by surveying the views of mangers in British corporate organisations in an effort to gauge how successful the EU have been in operationalising their social policy objectives in the area of health and safety employment policy. Other acto rs with expertise in this area will also be consulted. A key question here will be what effect the operation of the doctrine of supremacy has had upon the effectiveness of EU oversight of health and safety at work. Therefore one of the central research questions will be aimed at finding out whether the centralisation of control of health and safety policy (with the European Commission) has impacted upon the effectiveness of its implementation within member states such as the United Kingdom. This will enable the writer to principally gauge the opinions of those charged with the day to day implementation of health and safety employment policies, and to in doing so to identify any systemic or policy failures that may serve to reduce the overall effectiveness of health and safety employment policy. This will allow the writer to formulate a model of recommendations which may be able to address any specific failures in the implementation of health and safety employment policy and make suggestions as to how the system may be improved. Literature Review The literatures which will be used are those which will provide instruction on the development of the EU’s role in the implementation of social and employment policy, with a particular emphasis on the development of health and safety employment policy. These texts have been chosen as they will provide a comprehensive background to the study, adding depth and structure. Roberts and Springer ((2001) p152) have made the following comment upon the role of the European Union in terms of social policy and the regulation of workers in the workplace: ‘As the European Union prepares for the twenty-first century, it has a social policy adapted to the prevailing conditions and expectations of its citizens†¦..social policy no longer has an important advocate in Brussels or an ambitious agenda†¦.It is an interactive policy in which diverse actors participate in all aspects of it. The EU operates as a regulatory state and shares its roles in policymaking and policy implementation with numerous actors in a process best described as multilevel governance. Traditional European social values blended with the market values†¦.[3]’. Therefore, it is clear that the European Union recognises the importance of formulating an approach to social policy which is co-operative and aims not to thwart business and corporate actors in the European Union setting. This is a rationale which is clear also, at a micro level in terms of the implementation and regulation of health and safety employment policy at European Union level. A more in depth analysis of this topic and how it has evolved historically will follow below, in order to explain this rationale more fully. Article 3e (Title 1) of the ECSC Treaty contained the first indications that the health and safety of European Union workers was to be a concern dealt with at European Union level. These measures were incorporated into the Treaty of Rome and this incorporation invested the European Commission with specific competencies in the determination of the European Union’s approach to health and safety policy. The EURATOM Treaty, which was ratified in 1957 created the first initiative which was aimed at protecting the health and safety of workers uniformly at European Union level. Article 118 of the Treaty of Rome advocated co-operation between member states on the subject of health and safety legislation, and the role of the European Union was to facilitate partnerships between various actors responsible for health and safety policy. These actors included trade unions, governments, employers and international organisations. Randall ((2000) p34) has explained the rationale of the European Union in this consultative process: ‘The architects of the European Community (EC), not just contemporary Commission historians, had concluded that one of the principal requirements for developing a multinational agreement on health and safety†¦.was the presentation of proposals strongly endorsed by expert opinion. While the ECSC had sought, for some time, to draw experts into its work to reduce accidents in the mineral-extracting industries the High Authority (forerunner to the European Commission) had also learnt how important it was to work with the grain of member state opinion†¦.†¦.[4]’. In a more contemporary setting, the European Union continues to regulate the health and safety of workers at European Union level, however this regulation is now directed in a more centralised setting, as the European Commission grows in power and influence. Arguably, therefore the emphasis on consultation which (as we have seen explained above) was historically such a central tenet of heath and safety policy at European level, has become a less popular method of building consensus among member states and corporate actors. The area of health and safety at work is also governed by legislation at domestic level, within each member state. In Britain the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 mainly requires employers to carry out risk assessments and to appoint qualified and competent individuals to oversee health and safety in the workplace. Emergency procedures must be implemented at individual organisation level and these must be communicated to staff in a clear manner. Staff must also receive health and safety training[5]. The next section will look at how a research design may be implemented to evaluate both the effectiveness of the EU’s role in terms of formulating social policy and to evaluate how those whose responsibility it is to implement these policies at grassroots level (i.e. within organisations) have responded to increased EU regulation in this area. A Research Design The research design will involve a methodologically pluralistic design. This essentially means that both qualitative and quantitative methods will be used to facilitate the gathering of information[6]. A semi structured interview usually involves the trading of information on a two way basis, and this method will be relied upon as the main method of research. The main reason for this particular choice of method is that this subject is one that lends itself to qualitative discussion. This method will be complemented by the use of a survey which will add depth and a degree of perspective to the methodology. The writer decided to rely on the semi structured interview as the main method of qualitative enquiry as opposed to the focus group for example, for practical reasons. Within corporate organisations such as the targeted publics of this research proposal, confidentiality is a primary concern. The success of the writer’s project will be contingent upon the ability of particular individuals to be frank and open about their views, and this is not always possible in a focus group setting. Also, there is the practical consideration of where the focus groups might have been carried out, given the fact that the writer’s proposed research will involve a consultation of a diverse range of actors within differing locations within the UK. Therefore, semi structured interviews and surveys are the best way for an individual to solicit the viewpoints of those managers or other actors who are responsible for the implementation health and safety policies within corporate organisations. The writer will also approach organisations, such as trade unions and employers organisations such as the Confederation of British Industry to gather information which may be used to formulate a detailed chronology or EU interventions in terms of health and safety policy, and this can be used to compliment the literature which will form the theoretical basis of the study. A survey of mangers within organisations will be used to firstly gauge the views of managers and other actors responsible for the implementation of health and safety employment policy as to how successful European Interventions have been in the area of heath and safety employment policy and secondly, to gather a body of opinion on how health and safety legislation may be improved. These results will enable the writer to form views, for example on whether the role of the European Commission in the oversight of health and safety legislation has been an effective one. The next section will detail a breakdown of the implementation of this research design. A GANNT chart for Project Management and Discussion of Implementation Outline of Chapter Headings Introduction: EU Employment and Social Policy: The Role of the Commission Literature Review: Case Study: Health and Safety at Work; The Impact of EU Measures on British Corporate Organisations Methods Conclusion and Recommendations Evaluation: Possible Problems and Barriers to Completion Limited resources will possibly be a barrier to completion; however the writer intends to address this by adherence to a strictly organised and pre-planned research plan. The writer anticipates that this will also allow for cost minimising strategies to be implemented (for example letters will be sent out inviting respondents to interview, rather than reliance on telephone communication which is more expensive). Another possible problem and barrier to completion is that the respondents interviewed may not be necessarily representative of the entire body of corporate actors who implement health and safety employment policy. This problem will be addressed by the writer in two ways. Firstly, it is anticipated that appropriate planning will allow for the body of respondents to be selected in such a way as to allow an equal number of men and women, and an appropriate distribution of respondents in terms of race and age to be included in the study. Also, the writer feels that it may be necessary to travel to more than one location for the purposes of conducting interviews. The writer is also aware that health and safety legislation is implemented by a number of actors, not just corporate actors. However, these limitations will be justified throughout the research and as long as the writer does not attempt to make unjustified generalisations, and as long as the writer acknowledges the limitations that the research encountered, problems and barriers to research should not negate the importance and relevance of the proposed project. In conclusion this project intends to evaluate the effectiveness of the European Union as an overseer of health and safety employment legislation. It will be targeted at gathering the views of actors who implement health and safety employment policy, and it will also be aimed at gathering the viewpoints of those individuals such as trade associations and employers who have first hand experience of implementing the social policy objectives of the EU. This will enable the writer to critically examine how the system of health and safety employment policy operates and to suggest possible improvements. Bibliography Books Buse. K., Fustukian, S. and Lee, K. (2002) Health Policy in a Globalising World. Publisher: Cambridge University Press. Place of Publication: Cambridge, England. Frankfort-Nachmias, C. and Nachmias, D. (1996) Research Methods in the Social Sciences. Publisher: Arnold Publishers. Place of Publication; London. Randall, E. (2000) The European Union and Health Policy. Publisher: St. Martins Press. Place of Publication: New York. Roberts, I. and Springer, B. (2001) Social Policy in the European Union: Between Harmonization and National Autonomy. Publisher: Lynne Rienner. Place of Publication: Boulder, CO. Article Health and Safety Executive (2003) Health and Safety Regulation. Available at: http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/hsc13.pdf >>. 1 Footnotes [1] P3. Buse. K., Fustukian, S. and Lee, K. (2002) Health Policy in a Globalising World. Publisher: Cambridge University Press. Place of Publication: Cambridge, England. [2] P34. Randall, E. (2000) The European Union and Health Policy. Publisher: St. Martins Press. Place of Publication: New York. [3] P151. Roberts, I. and Springer, B. (2001) Social Policy in the European Union: Between Harmonization and National Autonomy. Publisher: Lynne Rienner. Place of Publication: Boulder, CO. [4] P34. Randall, E. (2000) The European Union and Health Policy. Publisher: St. Martins Press. Place of Publication: New York. [5] P1. Health and Safety Executive (2003) Health and Safety Regulation. Available at: http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/hsc13.pdf >>. [6] See Chapters One and Two of: Frankfort-Nachmias, C. and Nachmias, D. (1996) Research Methods in the Social Sciences. Publisher: Arnold Publishers. Place of Publication; London.
Summary Of Career Aspirations Goals Information Technology Essay
Summary Of Career Aspirations Goals Information Technology Essay As the name itself implies Personal Development Plan is a structured and supported process undertaken by an individual to reflect upon their own learning, performance and/or achievement and to plan for their personal, educational and career development and to encourage critically reflective practice. SUMMARY OF CAREER ASPIRATIONS/GOALS My career plan is to become an Information Technology (IT) Consultant operating across nations. I like to work in firms of management consultants, software and systems houses within large manufacturers of computing equipment, or occasionally internally in major industrial companies. The above said areas are some of the places IT Consultants work. For I desire to work in partnership with clients, advising them how to use information technology in order to meet their business objectives or overcome problems. Consultants work to improve the structure and efficiency of organizations IT systems. Common job tasks IT Consultants do which I see as part of my career aspirations and goals include: Analyze IT requirements within companies and give independent and objective advice on the use of IT. Provide specialist support and back-up to professionals within client companies. Advise on strategic planning and operational efficiency. May run facilities for clients. Design, develop and test new systems. Train staff in new systems. Part of my career goals/aspirations is to gain growth in resources, that is upgrading my knowledge and resources to grow as a professional, better salary, job satisfaction, experience such as learning about the cultures of different countries, meeting new people and basically becoming familiarized with customs and traditions worldwide. This will enable me to increase my tolerance level and change perspectives and job stability. Accomplishing this goal is a long journey since I am still an undergraduate student but every long journey begins with a step. It is a challenging and technical aspiration though I have a passion for it because it is my dream and there after I want to have my own software incorporation with a group of professionals where I will be overseeing as a CEO of my to be company named Eyis Software Inc. ANALYSIS OF SKILLS Success as a consultant requires the following skill sets: Technical skills such as programming languages Analytical skills such as problem solving expertise Networking skills Database knowledge Interpersonal skills Communications skills Business management skills and Some professional certifications Some other skill sets required are not limited to: Leadership ability Teamwork skills Ability to learn quickly Confidence when making decisions Excellent customer service skills Good organizational skills to manage heavy work load Ability to communicate technical information to a non-technical clients and colleagues Flexibility and adaptability Time management skills Technical Skills Technical skill set includes good programming knowledge that is having knowledge of programming languages such as C, C++, JAVA, VB.NET etc and programming methodologies. Analytical Skills Good knowledge and logical approach to problem solving. Mathematically analyzing the problem and solving it. Networking Skills IT Consultant should possess an understanding of network devices, topologies, network protocols and data communication across networks such as LAN, WAN, Intranets, Extranet, MAN, CAN etc. Database Knowledge It needs Database knowledge including Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements, Data Definition Language (DDL) statements, Transaction Control (TC) statements and Data Control Language (DCL) statements. It requires knowledge of database systems such as MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Sybase, Oracle, and database administration. Interpersonal and Communication Skills As an IT Consultant, interpersonal and communications skills are required: Interpersonal skills in order to close sales, and even persuade your client to act on your advice. Communications skills such as making presentations and writing documents so that you can convey your value and your result to the client, so that the client can see what they have bought. Business Management Skills As an IT consultant business management skills are needed so as to keep track of your assets, cash, accounts receivable and bills and a basic level of organization so as to deal with few repetitive tasks (such as getting those bills out every month). Apart from that, you must plan to focus on marketing and it has to systematic and repeatable. Professional Certifications To be at the cut edge as an IT Consultant obtain professional certifications from the vendors such as MCSE from Microsoft, CCNA, CCNP from Cisco and OCA, OCP from Oracle University etc. Skills/Knowledge Gained These are the skill sets and knowledge I currently have that are required skill sets and knowledge needed for my career aspiration and goals and how and where I acquired them are tabulated follows: S/NO. Skill/Knowledge Area How Where 1. Technical such as programming Programming languages such as VB.NET, PHP MySQL, C and C++ Through my degree studies, private lesson, and personal studies. In college and at home 2. Networking Skills Network+ and CCNA, though they are professional Through my state government scholarship Gates Intense IT Network and Security Trainings, India 3. Database MS Access, Oracle SQL*Plus Through my degree studies. In college 4. Interpersonal Effective communication Through my IT training session India 5. Communication Effective communication Through my IT training India 6. Professional Certifications A+, N+, MCSE, CCNA Hardware engineering course Gates Intense IT Network and Security Trainings, India Skill sets/Knowledge Not Gained The table below indicates the skills/knowledge required for my career aspirations/goals I feel that are needed that I have not yet possessed: S/NO. Skill/Knowledge Area 1. Technical such as programming Programming languages such Perl, C#, JAVA 2. Analytical Further mathematics and core logical problem solving 3. Networking CCNP though it is professional 4. Database Microsoft SQL Server 5. Interpersonal/Communication Ascent, tradition and cultures 6. Business Management Marketing 7. Professional certifications CCNP, OCA, OCP and OCM Explanation of Steps The following are the necessary steps and time frame I have set or planned to obtain the skill/knowledge I have not acquired: Educational qualification: I am still an undergraduate student in the field of software engineering but I strongly believed that maximum by December 2011 I will be through with my first degree and to me only first degree is not enough, I will continue my second degree which is my Master degree in the related field and that will be a maximum of 2 years. The good news is I will not stop at masters and if I have a sponsor I will do my full time doctorate degree and it will take like another 3 years. The technical programming skills such as C# and JAVA will be acquired through my holiday periods and a set time of a least one year will be enough for each. I planned to work as a programmer in a software house for at least 2 or 3 years so as to acquire good programming skill and knowledge. Analytical skills will be obtained based on working on big projects, internships and core programming and a maximum of 4 to 5 years will be required for me to gain it. It is by several practices and doing and this I have to do every possible time that I have. Networking/Professional certifications such as CCNP by Cisco, OCA, and OCP by Sun Microsystems etc. will be obtained during the process. I will go one after the other to gain them and it will take like 2 years. I planned to acquire the knowledge of Microsoft SQL Server prior to my first degree graduation which I will be learning it by myself. Interpersonal/Communication areas such as improving my ascent, studying people traditions and cultures will be obtained through various presentations, documentations and reports, going along with the people, making vital friendships, self discipline, practices and learning within a time set of at least 4 to 5 years and during life process as life itself is a process of learning and no one is an island or paragon of knowledge. Business Management skills such as marketing and business strategies are needed as an IT consultant. I planned to take part-time studies in business related field so as to gain business knowledge, liaising and negotiating with clients and that will take me at least 3 years. Conclusion Having a career as an IT consultant is interesting and technical and one requires a huge set of skills and knowledge. The field of IT industry is diversified and IT consultants carry out such a variety of tasks that one IT consultant career may develop into a number of different industries and sectors. As for me and my career I have to reach my ultimate goals and I have to carry out my set out plans. For I look forward to achieve it and beyond becoming even as a CEO.
Saturday, July 20, 2019
Americas Advantages in the Revolution Essay -- essays papers
America's Advantages in the Revolution In the second half of the eighteenth century, the British were faced with rebelling colonies. Finally realizing that they had to fight to keep their colonial possessions, the British sent troops to America. Once the battles began in America, the British were not impressed with the colonial military, but the weak militias soon proved to be effective. With foreign aid from France, American devotion, and the lack of British vigor, the Americans soon discovered the open doors of independence. In my opinion, the American advantages and the British disadvantages proved to be the downfall of the English in the American Revolution. Even though the British army was larger, the American army proved to have talented fighters. The Continental Army and the state militias were essentially the two military organizations of the Americans. Throughout the war, the Americans employed only 231,771 men, which meant that the American forces rarely numbered over 20,000. Compared to the British, the American army was small, but their military tactics and skills were excellent. From a distance of 200 yards, an American rifleman could easily kill a British soldier. Many men observed that the British plainly fired in the general direction of the Americans, while the Americans aimed for the heads of the British. Also, the Americans had many more competent and talented leaders. George Washington and Benedict Arnold were two of the most brilliant Ame...
Friday, July 19, 2019
Joe Keller in All My Sons Essay -- Arthur Miller
How to Make Joe Keller Look Bad KELLER: Say, I ain’t got time to get sick. MOTHER: He hasn’t been laid up in fifteen years. KELLER: Except my flu during the war. MOTHER: Huhh? KELLER: My flu, when I was sick during†¦the war. MOTHER: Well, sure†¦(to George) I mean except for that flu. (George stands perfectly still) Well, it slipped my mind, don’t look at me that way. He wanted to go to the shop but he couldn’t lift himself off the bed. I thought he had pneumonia. GEORGE: Why did you say he’s never-? KELLER: I know how you feel, kid, I’ll never forgive myself. If I could’ve gone in that day I’d never allow Dad to touch those heads. GEORGE: She said you’ve never been sick. MOTHER: I said he was sick, George. George: (going to Ann) Ann, didn’t you hear her say-? MOTHER: Do you remember every time you were sick? GEORGE: I’d remember pneumonia. Especially if I got it just the day my partner was going to patch up cylinder heads†¦What happened that day, Joe? In the above lines, Arthur Miller pulls back the veil that has been hiding Joe Keller’s past in All My Sons. Not only are these lines critical to the remainder of the play’s events, but many of the characters also switch emotions almost instantly. With the significance and delicateness of these lines at stake, a director has the responsibility of conveying the language to the audience with only a few pre-existing stage directions as aid. One major way to convey these lines is to remain consistent with how he/she is portraying each character to make them still feel convincing to the audience. If directed effectively, Joe Keller’s departure from all prior characterization will be even more noticeable. In addition to other possibilities, the... ...l be no happy ending. The chaos George brought into Act II will only magnify after this speech. This section is in essence, the loss of stability in the Keller family. Keller is reduced to a shell of his former self as the audience takes on the beliefs of Chris through the remainder of the play. This scene will hopefully result in frustration towards Keller so that his â€Å"You’re a boy, what could I do!†(Miller 2.646) speech does not merit much pity. We realize that although Keller was misunderstood, he lived a lie too long. At the play’s end, this scene acted from my viewpoint should give the audience the feeling that even though Keller’s suicide is tragic, it is these lines that killed him. Works Cited Richardson, Gary A. and Stephen Watt, eds. American Drama: Colonial to Contemporary. Cambridge. MA: Heinle & Heinle Publishers, 2003.
Thursday, July 18, 2019
PBGC Company Profile Essay
PBGC is an abbreviation of a Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. The purpose of this federal corporation is to protect American’s pension. Its mission is related to protection: Forty four million American workers retirement income is currently being protected in more than 30000 benefit pension plans of private single-employer and multiemployer. Its formation is the result of an act of 1974 by the name Employee Retirement Income Security Act. It has the following objectives: First It helps private-sector define benefit pension plans to be continued and remain well maintained. Second is to provide pension benefits payment time to time, without any interruption. Its third objective is to keep minimum pension insurance premiums. The defined benefit pension plan gives pension on a monthly basis to the retirees but the pension amount is depended upon the salary and the year of services the retirees have rendered. The corporation does not only give monthly payments to retirees up to the guaranteed maximum but also the multiemployer plans participants and one who have not retired yet get financial assistance from it. General Tax Revenues don’t give any kind of fund to this corporation. Insurance premiums financed the operations of this federal corporation which was being set by Congress. Insurance premium is being paid by the sponsors defined for each benefit plan that are basically employers. The recoveries are being made from the companies which would be responsible for the plans in the past. Earnings come from investments for this corporation. According to the plan ended in 2008, workers will get $4,312. 50 monthly when they will get retire at the age of 65. It serves the range of customer’s e. g. general public, media and so on. Board of directors including the Secretaries of Labor (Chair), Commerce and the Treasury guided the operations of PBGC. The two highest priorities of this administration is to reform the defined benefit pension system and bring improvement in retirement security. It contributed in the development of Pension Protection Act of 2006. Since PBGC has worked over the last 33 years for the protection plan of participant’s interests and also to support private pension system’s growth; millions of American workers can now think about secured retirement along with their families. Both the benefit plan and the guarantee by PBGC have made a difference in the lives of the diligent Americans. Annually about $4 million is being given by this corporation to 44 million Americans. The development of the 2006 act not only improved the status of funding of many defined benefit plans but also pension system is being strengthened. Competitive advantage: The corporation has been very effective throughout in managing change over the past few years,’ pension insurance programs have faced many unexpected challenges. The corporation also won an award of managing its work force superbly in this changing business environment. The executive director said: â€Å"We are pleased to be recognized for having the right people, processes and systems in place to manage a doubling of our customer base with no diminution in the quality of our customer service. †(www. pbgc. gov,2008). It was being a first federal agency which got the full certification for its executive evaluation system. It got plenty of awards presented in magazines. These are as under: General Excellence, Service, Competitive Advantage, Global Outlook, Innovation, Managing Change, Financial Impact, Partnership, Ethical Practice and Vision. Weaknesses of PBGC: Weaknesses of PBGC’s certification and accreditation (C&A): This would impact the accuracy and completion of information which would affect the credibility of the corporation. It also affects the capability of the corporation to take and manage risks. It compromises agency’s personnel and assets too. There should be an effective C&A system to assure security of assets, personnel and operations and that could assure that the corporation is capable enough to meet its functional requirements. The National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-37, Accreditation of Federal Information Systems and Guide for the Security Certification provides the framework under 2002 act named as the Federal Information Security Management Act, Public Law 107-347, for how C&A program of this corporation should be implemented. Inadequate security policy and plan: The security policy and plan of the current information of PBGC are not according to the guidance provided by National Institute of Standards and Technology Special (NIST) under Federal Information Security Management Act. NIST has developed guidance and standards. It also includes minimum requirement to provide sufficient security of information for all agency assets and operations Change in organizational structure: In 2006 the reorganization of the OIT i. e. ffice of information technology had badly affected the Information System Security Officer’s ability to ensure appropriate operational security for PBGC’s information system. It affected the clarity for officer in terms of his responsibilities and accountability. It made it hard for the officer to establish security standards and procedures. Internal control weaknesses: High risk is being involved in the PBGC’s single-employer pension insurance program. The program had an accumulated deficit of $5. 4 billion in 2003 which was the largest one in history of the corporation. Under funding also increased dramatically in private pension system. The deficit was due to the following reasons: bankrupt firm’s under funded pension plans were ceased, there was a drawback in funding rules, stock market and interest rates decline, companies went global and economy is turned into knowledge based economy. The company had taken steps to improve the internal control for premiums. This is being done for two reasons. First Safeguard of assets: controls must be establish to ensure that cost and obligation are according to the law applicable and assets are safeguarded against any loss or related factors. Second reason is Financial Reporting: it is to ensure that proper reporting is being done of all the revenues and expenditures so that documentation and reports can be made and are accurate. Data Quality Weaknesses: Incorrect data entry, adjustments, and system-generated balances generate errors. Because of the data quality issue, the corporation is unable to ensure the accuracy and completeness of premium data by utilizing Past Due Filing Notices and Statements of Account. The 1st one used to notify plans which had not yet submitted premium filings and 2nd one is used to ensure that underpaid/overpaid premiums from a plan sponsor could be sort out effectively. During auditing it was being noticed that these two tools are not being used timely as it requires significant resources before mailing. Due to this, premiums could not be collected and errors could not be detected. Additionally policies and procedures have not been documented, communicated, or implemented throughout PBGC which is related to the premium accounting cycle. www. pbgc. gov,2008). Business Strategy: The new investment strategy is being formulated to balance risk and return and to improve chances of reaching full funding over the long run. According to this strategy diversified set of fixed-income investments and diversified equity investments both will be given 45% of its assets each and 10% will be given to alternative investment. Financial Information: A deficit of $18. 1 billion was being posted by insurance program for single-employer pension plans in fiscal year 2006. Due to the airline relief provisions in the Pension Protection Act, the corporation managed to reduce its probable liabilities. This led to a $4. 7 billion net improvement. It announces maximum insurance benefit for 2009. The amount would be higher for those who retire later and vise versa. The corporation had a peak year in 2000 when they had a surplus of $10 billion almost which was followed by surplus of $8 billion in 2001. The corporation got the calls in order to stop charging premiums. It got around $9 billion claims in 2002. The claims were because of airline and steel industry. (www. soa. org, n. d. ).
The Relationships Between Zoning And Land Use Environmental Sciences Essay
This chapter of the thesis introduces and defines the cap bottom popdid emergences of regularize and re g eitherplacen which exist the principal subjects of this thesis. This gap chapter highlights the impressiveness of trim as an positively charged sucker and the fiscal jussive moods involved in its regul drum. in that respect is alike a blow up treatment of the precept for districting, the diametric im whiles of regu previous(a) and al to the highest degree of the unfavorable sound judgements of conventional regulate. This chapter concludes by fore run agrounding the chief practical benefits of the look into.Land is arguably the earthly concern s closely important plus stratum. For centuries sphere represented the lone dependable wealth of people the Crown, aristocracy and the get aristocracy exclusively derived their near-plenary power from lower ownership, from what they could check step to the fored, harvest, pull out and tackle. in that locat ion were likewise the native as implants of farm animal, cultivated harvests, helot and s elderlyiers, incessantlyy last(predicate) necessitating dry debark handiness, in its various productive frames. Landed estates bring forth generated by dint of their siting, signifier, size and capacity to lift fore, provender and house, match little income and power for their proprietors. Thus the long-established stinting capacity of k in a flashledge base to pull in forth wealth and power is non merely historic, it is logical.For centuries, place represented the lone means of takings in dry toss offs and districts and settlements for the oligarchic elite who own the established and conquered kingdoms and wholly upon them. Peoples were born on the kill, worked on the earth, grew up on the place down and died on the cut down scarcely did non of only time acquire to throw off more or less(prenominal) function of the plus.It was non until the late 1700 s that gru nge became a tradeable trade undecomposed in Britain, Europe and the settlements and slightly accessible to mean(a) citizens. It was arguably the commercialization of the steam locomotive engine and the coming of the railroad that began to interrupt the unresolvable bond between work and attribute. As mills, located off from the tralatitious estates, began to bring forth corrects and satisfy demand dist whollyy of the land, so excessively did workers move over to go to work for the low plume. The provincials could straightway seduce an income independent of their locational scene and with the inevitable increase of towns and chief citys came advance landuse limiting and sweet urban wealth. raw colony approach patterns of the workers were inevitable for the locomote ridges of country inha sm totally-armants who had come to shack hot their employment in new anthropocentric scenes at the outskirts of burgeoning towns and metropoliss.At the base of all wealth, w hether industrial, feudal, imperial or colonial nevertheless, remained the indigenous touchable ingredient the land itself. non affectly, this trunk the instance today. For illustration, a statistically important proportion of Australia s tree drag BRW 200 richest people in 2009 for case, had acquired or epochally deepened their wealth through and through property-related activities. stead is cardinal, exceeding the list of the richest Aussies by industry, doing up 61 of the BRW risque 200 ( BRW Rich 200, 2009, p. 23 ) . If excavation, retail and rural activities argon acknowledged in the land-related equation, so the deduction of land as a exceeding wealth generator is accentuated evening further. These tetrad land-related sectors, if combine, do up a amaze 57 % of Australia s wealthiest persons ( BRW Rich 200, 2009, p. 23 ) . Indeed, most of the shred bargainers, media barons, engineering moguls, retail and fabricating barons on that list, all perk up significant personal keeping involvements, that ar r arly held passively this surely complicates three of the top 10 richest work forces in Australia in that year ( BRW Rich 2000, 2009, p. 83 ) .1.1 query QuestionAlthough belongings in most westbound states, curiously Australia, remains as the man-to-man most of import plus category and trade steady-going, the intrigues of its categorization and regularise and re regularise, go to be unornamentedordinarily convoluted. Land s ability to appreciate or fall back c ar for, through districting adaptation, is even more(prenominal) hard and ill understood. on that touch now exists no substantial research in Australia that shows how the re district of land affects its take account. This is surprising sing that the measure out variation due to zone, is often shown to be much(prenominal)(prenominal) a big and important multiplier of its original land value. The oerall offspring of rezoning land on profitableness is by and l arge sincerely significant. regulate manifestations such(prenominal)(prenominal) as inheritance sheathings argon in accession coered in this thesis and atomic number 18 yet an other(a) manner in which districting interacts with land value. Similarly, no research has of all time been officially conducted in this land in Australia utilizing foodstuff transactional informations. Consequently, this thesis looks at the implication of rezoning on land value.1.2 Purposes and Aims of the ThesisThe primary raison detre of this thesis is to research the knotty kind that exists between the triumvirate of land, districting and value particularly as connected with a revise in land utilization. It is therefore premised herein, that as zoning transmutations for a given bundle of land from one agnomen to another, that this is accompanied by a commensurate accommodation of its grocery value. This value rewrite is observed to slide by despite the fact that the land remains unch anged physically, locationally and topographically. Could value be created and washed-up by a simple cracking of a pen allowing a alteration in landuse? It does so. This treatise, in making its decisions, rounds over 160 academic documents and 30 books associating to land and its report, ha second, districting, value, economic sciences, commoditisation and tradability. Through documented illustrations and informations derived from alive(predicate) rezonings, the thesis formulates an verifiable measuring quantifying the value alteration due to districting. The research and the illustrations employ herein ar all base in New southerly Wales, Australia, utilize subsisting market informations and minutess to contend a theory of how zoning alteration creates and destroys value for landed belongings. The documented animated illustrations of land packages use, ar all 1s that have a bun in the oven undergone an existent zoning alteration, or an effectual alteration due to a f ormalised outgrowth Approval or Major task blessing. They in any case traverse a look of different zones including Rural, Special Use, Retirement, Bulky Goods, industrial and Residential, comparing their market value in front and after(prenominal) the zoning alteration. breeding existent market informations, an existential expression is derived to show the weapon for value alteration of land in New South Wales. This potentially has direct pertinence to other Australian responsibilitys and other states, where euclidean or requisition zoning is used as a agency of landuse check. so this thesis reviews, in kernel, the effects of be aftering principle on land fiscal value as measured through existent illustrations. It so establishes an empirical theoretic account to forge two the mechanism and quantum of value alteration in land value as measured by coarse revenues informations. This is taken to be an accurate step of value, namely the monetary value at which a i nstinctive purchaser and a willing marketer have unfeignedly exchange in an unfastened market modus operandi. Where a dealing was non historically effected, ratings, as book in formal records and highest offers that indicate market demand, are used to bespeak value.Using over 500 existent gross revenues, the inheritance conservation area research analyses the norm annualised unad saveed ceiling appurtenance of degage homes inside two fraction HCAs and compares these with belongingss outside the two Heritage Conservation Areas ( HCA ) viz. North Randwick and West Kensington, both(prenominal) located in Sydney s easterly suburbs. The research paperss the mean capital addition over a 35 twelve month period, comparing belongingss inside and outside both HCAs. The solutions are both numerically and diagrammatically tabulated, pulling unequivocal decisions on the subject of individually HCA on place monetary set and land values over clip. It overly presents original rese arch on how Heritage Conservation, an extension of zoning, affects the capital values of houses over clip. It at any rate presents original research on how Heritage Conservation, an extension of zoning, affects the capital values of houses over clip.1.3 Rationale for Zoning and Landuse SegregationAs in short practised in Australia, districting by its intrinsic nature, bounds land, both as to its usage and the strength of that usage.Individual responsibility cookery systems all treat districting in their regulative governments a small other than but the statutory inclination is ever the same making better agreeability through the requisition of land utilizations. In the land of Victoria for case, landuse zones are combined with planning sheathings to account for the multiplicity of factors that usurpation on suitable urban results in different locations.Revell found that zoning, at its most basic beginning, derived its legitimacy from its association with the conventional police-power ends of slaking disease and forestalling fires. Even though none of those involved in the zoning procedure itself, of all time rightfully believed that they were make up ones minding planning and districting issues on the footing of public wellness standards. However, the draw between public agreeableness and the bearingional segregation of land utilizations, was ever inextricably linked ( 1999, p. 136 ) .As is readily distinct today, landuse ordinances typically specify, for each outlined zone, those activities that are permitted as a affair of right, all(prenominal) import good as those which are disallow under the zone. If listed as a permitted usage, the landholder whitethorn merely quest after in this usage with a developing Approval, greensly issued by a topical anesthetic authorization. By and large, any usage non listed as permitted , is forbidden . An legislation may in addition itemally forbid a extraordinary usage in a rule to avoid a determination that this usage may be similar to a permitted usage in the territory.Skosey ( 2006 ) points out that since the Euclid V Ambler determination in 1926, well-nigh both(prenominal) major metropolis in both the USA and Australia, has adopted a zoning codification. Such zones regulate landuse including the fiber of permitted utilizations, figure of tonss and size and siting of constructions, and are now omnipresent in Australia and widely reliable as the chief command mechanism. In kernel, such zoning dictates where people live, store, resurrect and work. It controls the expression, size and eccentric person of lodging and the location of schools, churches and retail shops. Zoning may excessively be used to qualify the intelligent transfer of natural, scenic or environmental scenes, guiding infill forms and mixed-use growing to peculiar(prenominal) locations, and supply for extra public community assets. These, harmonizing to galore(postnominal), are all legi timate grounds warranting the acceptance of landuse zoning in metropoliss and towns ( Metropolitan cooking Council Web put, 2006 ) .It is just to state besides that numerous metropolis planning innovators, such as dinero architect Daniel Burnham and landscape architect Frederick integrity Olmsted, who at near 1910, both sought-after(a) safety in the power of mandatary acquisition or eminent sphere, to make elegant avenues, Parkss, and civic edifices. It was a mandatory as these work forces felt, that they had to destruct earlier they could construct. They had to be image breakers send-off and metropolis shapers second. So excessively had major power Haussmann in the late 19th century, when asked to rank genus Paris by Emperor nap III. He required the Emperor s power of intercession and unquestionable acquisition, in ordering to reconstruct and showcase Paris manicured civic beauty.So it is barely surprising perhaps that districting won such widespread and straightaway s upport from the populace and their topical anaesthetic authorities representatives. By 1926, the twelvemonth of the Euclid determination, all but five of the US provinces had passed districting change Acts of the Apostless. By default, districting took on its present stand for as a templet for the creative activity of new urban territories. The intent of such zoning was to brace bing countries to see that they did non alter excessively quickly over clip.For many other critics nevertheless, such Draconian ordinance of the built-form was unwanted, due to its inability to bring forth assorted utilizations and varied streetscapes but Crecine et Al. ( 1967 ) were non of this position. They found that sole, unintegrated zones in municipalities, categorised harmonizing to utilize or tallness, were non excessively regulatory and could easy be adapted to do proviso for the adjustment of nonconforming constructions and utilizations ( p. 80 ) .Harmonizing to Ross, most land utilization s in the urban belongings market, exercise some baneful spillover effects on bordering packages. This often so makes the value of one package aquiline upon the usage made of neighbouring packages. ( 1972, p. 336 ) . euclidean zoning is surely preferred by many municipalities in NSW because of its comparative efficaciousness, easiness of effect ( place one set of explicit, normative regulations applied across each zone ) , long-established well-grounded case in point, and association to contrivers, designers and city-planning professionals. euclidean zoning has besides standard co terminational unfavorable judgment, nevertheless, for its deficiency of flexibleness and institutionalisation of out-of-date planning theory. This unfavorable judgment is in all likelihood true but, whether undeserved or accurate, hard to measure, given the figure of sound powers that have both used and go on to utilize Euclidian districting as their zoning method of pick. there is possibly sen sible accordance of position, in the publications examined herein, that laissez-faire, uncoordinated exploitation would ensue in unacceptable civic results with hapless agreeableness as the inevitable consequence. then some signifier of public control becomes necessary, even compulsory. This extends to the demand for the control of urban teaching in metropoliss and the great fright of proceed conurbation which can destruct good farming area, exacerbate traffic gridlock and extend metropoliss outwards uneconomically and unsustainably. There is non the same grade of determineing nevertheless that districting alterations through intensification of landuse, are the best manner of advancing desirable infill development or detering the rapacious assume of greenfield countries by spread outing metropoliss. tralatitious zoning is universally acknowledged though, as a sensible vehicle for tell new occupations and lodging to certain countries, particularly to brownfield location s that have bing substructure to back up them. Many do besides see districting as an efficient tool in directing the form of new development to the countries of a metropolis that most hold it and off from parts least(prenominal) able to suit certain utilizations. To its many advocators, Euclidean Zoning is the tool best-suited for promoting greater closeness and greater diverseness in our act metropoliss.The most cardinal inquiry originating from the districting motive nevertheless, remains the efficaciousness of districting in making its stated public agreeableness aims. Are these easy to mensurate? Is districting an ideal landuse mechanism as some claim or merely another contrived statutory tool obsessed with segregation alternatively than civic results? The simple reply is that districting surely is nt ideal and has perceptibly created a mass of unintended urban effects such as homogeneousness, conurbation and auto dependance. condition its ubiquitousness and pervasiveness of usage in Australian metropoliss nevertheless, it would be just to presume that it is likely here to remain and that future landuse systems would likely be fluctuations instead than entire goings from the period segregational theoretical account.1.4 Zoning Definitions1.41 Dictionary DefinitionsHarmonizing to The Britannica epigrammatic Encyclopaedia, zoning is define as the legislative method of commanding land usage by modulating considerations such as the type of edifices that may be erected and population denseness . Britannica credits the German and Swedish metropoliss with the prefatory applied districting ordinance in the late nineteenth century, instituted to turn to urban over-crowding in their metropoliss. Zoning regulations in the US came into force at the beginning of the 20th century, motivated by the demand to determine the location of commercial and industrial activities. This was in 1916 when New York city adopted the first countrywide districting regul ation, in an effort to cheer agreeableness, viz. light and air, every bit good as preserve belongings values. Zoning today is frequently used to keep the character of a town and guard against inauspicious outwardnesss.The much- quoted Australian Macquarie Dictionary, defines a zone as an soil or stretch of land holding a bizarre feature, intent, or usage or capable to peculiar limitations . The Macquarie Dictionary elucidates that districting consists of spliting an country into zones or subdivisions reserved for different intents such as abode and concern and delusion . It defines districting as a method by which physical planning regulates land usage in the public involvement, affecting the tryst of land for primary intents, such as residential, industrial , in a course of fill for future development, ensuing in the segregation of land utilizations.The Oxford English Dictionary defines a zone as an country holding peculiar features or a peculiar usage .1.42 Academi c DefinitionsIt is of paramount impressiveness in a zoning-related thesis such as this one, to specify districting exactly and to understand its map, types and word pictures every bit good as the mechanisms and effects of such landuse mechanisms. There is a multiplicity of districting types practised around the universe but the prevailing type used in Australia is segregational districting or Euclidian Zoning. There are some(prenominal) definitions proffered below.Harmonizing to Richardson et al. , zoning is the division of a metropolis or town by legislative ordinance into territories and the prescription and application in each territory of ordinances holding to make with geomorphologic and architectural designs of edifices and of ordinances ordering usage to which edifices inwardly designated territories may be put ( 2002, p. 3 ) . Richardson et Al. believe that districting controls, as we know them, began when New York City enacted the first comprehensive districting regul ation in the fall in res publicas in 1916, the regulation classified utilizations and created mapped zones for all utilizations with commissariats for tallness, country and opponent controls ( 2002, p.3 ) .Sibley ( 1995 ) argued that districting controls were an enframement of mundane spirit with introduced sociospatial boundaries of exclusion and inclusion, systematize in jurisprudence ( Glesson & A Low, 2000, p. 107 )1.43 Council DefinitionsAuckland City Council ( 2004 ) gives an even clearer definition of districting. The Auckland City Council study defines districting as the basic technique for the control of land usage in the soil syllabus, which groups together countries of similar character ( p.1 ) . Therefore zoning, harmonizing to Auckland Council, besides recognises the present twenty-four hours form of activities and allows for a scope of future development chances, in maintaining with the agreeableness and features of the country ( 2004, p. 1 ) .Zoning, h armonizing to Skosey ( 2006 ) , can be loosely defined as the authorization of authorities to action land utilizations and to command reinforced signifier at specific locations ( Metropolitan Planning Council Website, 2006 ) .Therefore, there seems to be sensible unanimity of position on the definition of zoning and what is understood by and large by the definitional pattern of districting in Australia and the western hemisphere. It is besides good established, through the above definitions, that traditional districting involves a segregation of land utilizations such as residential, commercial and industrial, in order to guard each from harmful outwardnesss.1.5 Rezoning and postal service Rezoning DefinedRezoning is a term applied to the procedure whereby a package of land alterations its landuse appellation or zoning. This, in bend, changes its allowable and forbidden utilizations every bit good as its denseness, height bounds and finally its value. In the province of New South Wales, a rezoning would ask an advancement to a statutory instrument, ordinarily a Local Environmental Plan or LEP. The other manner of usually modify the ability of land to hold new utilizations, is by ministerial polity through Part 3 ( A ) of the Act, where the Minister deems a undertaking of province or regional planning logical implication . This procedure does non alter the zoning per se but does so in consequence by leting the major undertaking on the land where normally such utilizations would be entirely prohibited. In due class, it is paramount for the local authorization to so amend the districting appellation in their following comprehensive LEP planning reappraisal to fit what is being practiced in world.Therefore all amendments to districting regulations are normally called rezonings . Rezonings that apply to specific packages or certain tonss should be identify from comprehensive rezonings that are sporadically performed by local authorities organic str uctures, although the statutory procedure is about indistinguishable. Comprehensive rezonings typically involve a entry to the State of the full municipality and a reworking of the full zoning regulation, instead than certification for one or more specific sites.The term stage Rezoning is possibly the most used and least understood term in districting idiom. A Topographic point Rezoning is defined as the singling out of one package or topographic point , for a different intervention from that accorded to similar environing land utilizations. breaker point rezonings have become more common in NSW in the past 10 old ages. They by and large arise where a specific land package has clearly outlived its original usage and or there is a compelling ground to impact landuse alteration that can non demand the longer-term statutory local authorities processes. This great power typically be a landfill site that has wholly filled or a big industrial clayware, ensconced in a residential scene or rural land that has first-class employment certificates. There are strong precautions that operate besides, normally in the signifier of S117 Ministerial Directives. These include a directing to restrict the loss of employment land to other land utilizations such as residential. Besides, rural land essential be deemed agriculturally unsuitable or non-productive, prior to it s rezoning into other land utilizations.The development of districting as a legal tool for local authorities, created many other public benefits existent estate groups could now hold statutory protection of belongings values neighbourhood associations dying to maintain out undesirables besides now possess a canonic mechanism be aftering partisans eager to implement their thoughts municipal reformists deposit to use expertness to the great urban jobs of metropoliss and local authorities functionaries interested in self publicity and increasing local power. For these grounds and because seting regu lations into pattern required undersize public investing ( unlike other be aftering steps that required pricy compensation claims or mandatory acquisitions ) , districting became a pattern of pick across most of the USA and Australia in a really short period of clip. It besides created immediate seeable benefits without necessitating big fiscal spendings by local authorities.There is, of class, perfectly no duty or jussive mood for a planning authorization to continue with an amendment to consequence a rezoning at the petition of a landholder and therefore the issue of all rezonings is still extremely discretional and capable to the propensities and motives of local authorities. Exceptions are of class, those affairs that are considered of province import or those of specific involvement to the planning curate. The rezoning procedure can therefore go extremely political for these really grounds, particularly for big undertakings that have ample perceived impacts and where intense local sentiment by community organizers and legal action designed to intimidate planning governments or appliers can take topographic point.1.6 Need for Rezoning LandAn indispensable inquiry that must be asked in the class of this thesis is a cardinal 1 if districting creates such great stableness, is at that place a demand to continually undergo further rezoning?The reply is really really simple. There is so. Our metropoliss are non inactive landscape portrayals in the NSW Art Gallery. They are dynamic life sentence existences that are continuously altering and germinating with new demands and new demands with every twenty-four hours and month that base on balls. We besides all seem to populate otherwise and are all aging and populating longer. We have really different family constructions to merely fifty old ages ago. In merely the last 50 old ages we can see so many alterations to our populations and their life and working demands. unify adult females now work more work force s and adult females retire early. There is more need to animate and to age in topographic point. Affordability is at an all- clip depressions. Many more people have insouciant or parttime occupations or no occupations at all. Family size and construction is less atomic and unquestionably smaller. Employment and drop dead forms have besides all changed. all these are obliging grounds as to wherefore a metropolis must continually accommodate to its citizens altering demands. Therefore ongoing demographic societal and scientific alteration to the populations of metropoliss, have created an jussive mood for landuse alteration and rezoning in today s changing urban landscapes. There are a million and one grounds why rezoning in the modern condition is so necessary.1.7 Result of Thesis and Practical Benefits of the ResearchThere are many touchable practical benefits that may be derived from the research contained in this paper. These include the elucidation of the menstruation la nduse processes the value-benefits to landuse alteration and the solvent that rezoning allows to the ever-changing face of germinating metropoliss, including Sydney. There is besides an obvious benefit in decrypt the value-change equation in economic, land and project-feasibility footings, which is presently undocumented and still excessively complex to understand, in both zoning and set down economic footings. This research attempts to explain the manner districting creates and destroys value as districting alteration occurs. This research should be of benefit to developers, land proprietors, place proprietors, municipal councils, the Valuer-general s office, the province authorities, big belongings trusts every bit good as the Crown itself.1.80 DecisionTherefore after puting out the clear historical significance of land as an plus category and its true significance to mundane life as a tradeable trade good and beginning of wealth to all land proprietors and place proprietors today, this thesis attempts to explicate the economic significance of districting alteration. The chief methodological analysiss of the empirical research used in this thesis, every bit good as the heritage preservation country research conducted, have all been explained in this chapter. The chief purpose of this thesis is to critique the effects of be aftering ordinance on land monetary values as measured through existent illustrations.This chapter has sought to explicate the importance of land as an plus category, every bit good as the altering demands of metropoliss, therefore making the demand for unalterable alteration to a metropolis s zones. In so making, it is hoped to further chalk out the chief purpose of the research in the thesis, viz. the quantification of value alteration credited(predicate) to districting alteration with all of its manifestations including rezonings, major undertaking, development blessing and heritage preservation districting sheathings.This chap ter has besides attempted to set up zoning s definition in the context of this thesis, every bit good as that of a rezoning, a topographic point rezoning and the overarching principle for landuse ordinance under bing landuse theoretical accounts. The assorted types of districting have besides been defined and described in some item, including Euclidian Zoning, Performance Zoning, Incentive Zoning and others, in an effort to show the assorted options that are often discussed as feasible replacements to current Euclidian zoning patterns. This chapter has gone a small farther in summarizing some of the more pertinent unfavorable judgments of segregational zoning, as presently practiced in Australia and the United States.There has besides been a elaborate lineation given of the methodological analysiss of the empirical research used in this thesis, every bit good as that of the Heritage Conservation Area informations and its diagrammatic and statistically-tabulated analyses.As clearly o utlined in this introductory note, this thesis will thoroughly reexamine the effects of be aftering ordinance on the monetary value of landed real property in New South Wales, as through empirical notification modelled, quantified and qualified through elaborate market transactional informations of illustrations that have undergone both an discernible zoning and value alterations.1.90 Following Chapters 2 ( A ) and 2 ( B ) The Literature ReviewNow that districting and rezoning have both been defined and districting as a pattern, in all of its signifiers, set out and defined, it would be pertinent, anterior to establishing into this districting thesis, to reexamine the prevalent literature on the topic of districting. To that terminal, the succeeding(prenominal) chapter represents a comprehensive analysis and review of over 160 academic documents and 30 books, all associating to districting. The literature reviewed signifiers an built-in portion of the exercising of measuring th e prevailing positions which presently exist on this topic and several related subjects including planning, land economic sciences, history of land term of office, metropolis devising, value and others. It was so of import at this occasion, to grab as much information as possible, no affair how disparate, from as many broad beginnings as possible, to hold a proper apprehension of every bit much of the bing thought on the subject as possible. Due to the size of the literature reappraisal, it has been subdivided into two subdivisions Chapter 2 ( A ) and 2 ( B ) .
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